metamorphic
Quartzite with Hematite staining
Metamorphic Rock (rich in SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: White, gray, and reddish-brown (from iron oxidation), Luster: Vitreous to dull, Crystal Structure: Granoblastic/Crystalline, Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: White, gray, and reddish-brown (from iron oxidation), Luster: Vitreous to dull, Crystal Structure: Granoblastic/Crystalline, Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of quartz-rich sandstone. High heat and pressure caused quartz grains to recrystallize and fuse together. Red staining is caused by the presence of iron oxide (hematite) during or after formation.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as road ballast, railway ballast, and decorative stone. Sometimes used in glass making or as a source of silica.
Geological facts
Quartzite is so tough that it often breaks through the quartz grains rather than along the boundaries between them. It is one of the most durable rocks on Earth's surface.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hardness (it can scratch glass and steel) and its granular, sugary texture. Common in mountain ranges and ancient continental shields. Look for its resistance to weathering compared to surrounding rocks.
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