metamorphic
Quartzite with Iron Inclusions
Metamorphosed Quartz Arenite (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: primarily grey-white with reddish-brown hematite staining; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: granular, non-foliated; Cleavage: none; it breaks across grains.
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- primarily grey-white with reddish-brown hematite staining
- Luster
- vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: primarily grey-white with reddish-brown hematite staining; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: granular, non-foliated; Cleavage: none; it breaks across grains.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the metamorphism of quartz-rich sandstone under intense heat and pressure, typically during mountain-building events. The red coloration is due to the presence of iron oxide (hematite) that was present in the original sedimentary cement.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as crushed stone or road ballast, as a decorative stone in landscaping, and historically for stone tools due to its hardness and durability.
Geological facts
Quartzite is so tough that it often outlasts the surrounding rock layers, forming prominent ridges and hills. It is often confused with marble, but can be distinguished because quartzite will not react with acid and can scratch glass.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its extreme hardness and sugary, crystalline appearance on fresh breaks. It is commonly found in ancient mountain belts like the Appalachians or the Canadian Shield. For collectors, search for specimens with unique color banding or crystal clusters.
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