metamorphic
Quartzite with Iron Staining
Quartzite (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brownish, translucent gray/white, Luster: vitreous to dull, Crystal structure: massive (interlocking quartz grains), Cleavage: none, fracture is conchoidal
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brownish, translucent gray/white, Luster: vitreous to dull, Crystal structure: massive (interlocking quartz grains), Cleavage: none, fracture is conchoidal
Formation & geological history
Formed from quartz-rich sandstone that was subjected to heat and pressure (metamorphism). The brown/orange coloration is due to iron oxide staining (limonite or hematite). Often rounded by water transport in rivers or beaches.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, landscaping, and as decorative stone. Sometimes tumbled for lapidary collecting.
Geological facts
Quartzite is extremely durable and resistant to chemical weathering, which is why it often survives as rounded cobbles in riverbeds and glacial deposits long after surrounding rocks have eroded.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its hardness (will scratch glass), granular but fused texture, and lack of cleavage. Very common in river gravels and beaches worldwide.
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