mineral
Raw Emerald (Emerald Beryl)
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with chromium/vanadium impurities
Hardness: 7.5-8 on Mohs scale. Color: Deep green to bluish-green. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific gravity: 2.67-2.78.
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Deep green to bluish-green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7.5-8 on Mohs scale. Color: Deep green to bluish-green. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific gravity: 2.67-2.78.
Formation & geological history
Emeralds form in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium and chromium/vanadium meet, typically under metamorphic or igneous conditions. Major deposits span various geological ages, often in metamorphic schist.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a precious gemstone in jewelry. Raw, low-grade specimens are highly sought after by mineral collectors for their crystal habits and color.
Geological facts
Emerald is one of the 'Big Four' precious gemstones. The green color is specifically caused by trace amounts of chromium or vanadium. Most emeralds are highly included, often referred to as 'jardin' (garden).
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive green color, high hardness, and often blocky or hexagonal crystal shape. Common locations include Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. Collectors should look for color saturation and transparency.
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