mineral

Raw galena specimen

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Metallic lead-gray to bluish-gray color with bright metallic luster; commonly cubic crystal structure and perfect cubic cleavage. Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75; very high specific gravity, about 7.4–7.6. The image appears to show massive or fractured galena, possibly with tarnish or associated minerals.

Identified August 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms mainly in hydrothermal veins and replacement deposits, often with sphalerite, pyrite, quartz, and calcite. Many deposits formed during Paleozoic to Mesozoic hydrothermal activity, though ages vary by locality.

Uses & applications

Historically the principal ore of lead, used for batteries, radiation shielding, ammunition, and industrial alloys; collectible crystals are also prized. Handle carefully because lead-bearing dust and weathering products are toxic.

Geological facts

Its name derives from an ancient Latin term for lead ore. Cubic cleavage and unusually heavy weight are its most diagnostic traits.

Field identification & locations

Common in Missouri, Illinois, Idaho, Colorado, Peru, Australia, and many other mining districts. Confirm with heft, cubic cleavage, metallic streak, and ideally a test by a professional; do not grind or ingest it.