mineral
Raw Garnet Fragment
Nesosilicate Group (e.g., Almandine, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)
Mohs hardness 6.5 to 7.5, deep reddish-brown to brownish-orange color, vitreous to resinous luster, dodecahedral or trapezohedral crystal habit when complete, indistinct cleavage, high specific gravity (3.5 - 4.3).
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 6.5 to 7.5, deep reddish-brown to brownish-orange color, vitreous to resinous luster, dodecahedral or trapezohedral crystal habit when complete, indistinct cleavage, high specific gravity (3.5 - 4.3).
Formation & geological history
Forms primarily under high temperature and pressure in metamorphic rocks such as mica schists, gneisses, and amphibolites, as well as in some igneous rocks like pegmatites.
Uses & applications
Used as an gemstone when gem-grade, widely used as an industrial abrasive (sandblasting, waterjet cutting, sandpaper), and collected by mineral enthusiasts.
Geological facts
Garnet is not a single mineral but a group of silicate minerals that share similar crystal structures and physical properties but vary in chemical composition. It is the official birthstone for January.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its characteristic crystal shape (dodecahedral), high hardness, reddish color, and lack of distinct cleavage. Common in metamorphic terrains worldwide, including Brazil, India, Madagascar, and parts of the USA.
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