mineral
Raw orange chalcedony (carnelian-like)
Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), colored by iron oxides
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange-red, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded, rough surface suggests a naturally weathered or lightly worked piece; internal fractures and uneven color are typical.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange-red, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded, rough surface suggests a naturally weathered or lightly worked piece; internal fractures and uneven color are typical.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, later developing into microcrystalline quartz; iron produces the orange-red color. It commonly formed in volcanic rocks during the Cenozoic and older geological periods.
Uses & applications
Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental objects; attractive translucent pieces have modest lapidary value.
Geological facts
Carnelian is the orange-to-red variety of chalcedony, though this specimen may be less uniformly colored than gem-grade carnelian.
Field identification & locations
Common in volcanic terrains and alluvial gravels, including India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the United States. Identify by its waxy appearance, translucency, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch ordinary glass; dyed glass or resin may show bubbles or unnatural uniformity.
