Rock Identifier
Red jasper (likely iron-rich chert) (Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) colored by hematite/goethite; possibly ferruginous chert) — sedimentary
sedimentary

Red jasper (likely iron-rich chert)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) colored by hematite/goethite; possibly ferruginous chert

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque rusty-red to brown, earthy-to-waxy luster, very fine-grained and massive with conchoidal-to-irregular fracture; Mohs hardness about 6.5–7, no visible cleavage, specific gravity roughly 2.6. The pitted surface may reflect weathering or natural vesicles, so identification from the photograph is provisional.

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Physical properties

Opaque rusty-red to brown, earthy-to-waxy luster, very fine-grained and massive with conchoidal-to-irregular fracture; Mohs hardness about 6.5–7, no visible cleavage, specific gravity roughly 2.6. The pitted surface may reflect weathering or natural vesicles, so identification from the photograph is provisional.

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich sediment or chemical precipitates become silicified and acquire iron-oxide coloration, commonly during Precambrian to younger sedimentary processes. It occurs as nodules, beds, or weathered fragments in iron-rich sedimentary terrains.

Uses & applications

Used as an ornamental and lapidary stone for cabochons, carvings, beads, and tumbled pieces; historically used for tools and occasionally as a minor aggregate. Common-quality fragments have modest commercial value.

Geological facts

Red color is mainly caused by finely dispersed hematite, while yellow-brown tones may indicate goethite or limonite. It may resemble red volcanic scoria, but jasper is typically much harder and denser.

Field identification & locations

Test an inconspicuous area: it should scratch glass and leave no streak on unglazed porcelain or only a weak reddish mark; a steel knife generally will not scratch it. Common in India, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, the United States, and Mexico.