Rock Identifier
Red jasper or carnelian (Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂; likely iron-rich red jasper or translucent carnelian) — gemstone
gemstone

Red jasper or carnelian

Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂; likely iron-rich red jasper or translucent carnelian

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Small polished/tumbled stone with reddish-brown color, vitreous to waxy luster, and no visible cleavage. Quartz hardness is about 6.5–7 Mohs; jasper is typically opaque, while carnelian is translucent at the edges.

Identified More gemstone
Explore Red jasper or carnelian in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

Physical properties

Small polished/tumbled stone with reddish-brown color, vitreous to waxy luster, and no visible cleavage. Quartz hardness is about 6.5–7 Mohs; jasper is typically opaque, while carnelian is translucent at the edges.

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich fluids fill cavities or fractures, later acquiring red coloration from iron oxides. Deposits occur in many geological ages and settings, commonly in volcanic or sedimentary rocks.

Uses & applications

Used for jewelry, cabochons, beads, carvings, and decorative objects; common tumbled pieces have modest value.

Geological facts

The image alone cannot reliably distinguish jasper from carnelian; transmitted light is the key test, with carnelian showing some translucency. A glassy uniform appearance may also indicate dyed chalcedony.

Field identification & locations

Commonly found worldwide, including India, Brazil, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States. Check for translucency, natural color variation, conchoidal fracture, and hardness greater than ordinary glass; avoid destructive testing.