mineral
Red-orange jasper pebble
Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), colored mainly by iron oxides
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectOpaque, earthy red-orange and yellow-brown, with dull to slightly waxy luster and no visible crystals; Mohs hardness about 6.5–7, specific gravity roughly 2.5–2.7. The rounded shape suggests natural water wear or tumbling, and its surface appears wet or polished.
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Physical properties
Opaque, earthy red-orange and yellow-brown, with dull to slightly waxy luster and no visible crystals; Mohs hardness about 6.5–7, specific gravity roughly 2.5–2.7. The rounded shape suggests natural water wear or tumbling, and its surface appears wet or polished.
Formation & geological history
Jasper forms when silica-rich fluids cement fine sediment or replace volcanic and sedimentary material, with hematite/goethite producing the red and yellow colors. Deposits occur in many geological ages, commonly in Precambrian iron-rich formations and volcanic terrains.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, cabochon, bead, carving material, and lapidary rough; attractive pieces commonly enter the jewelry and mineral-collecting markets.
Geological facts
Jasper is an opaque variety of chalcedony or microcrystalline quartz rather than a single mineral species. Color zoning and iron staining can resemble breccia, mookaite, or iron-rich chert.
Field identification & locations
Identify it by its opacity, iron-red coloration, fine-grained texture, hardness, and resistance to scratching by steel; it should not fizz with dilute acid. Common sources include India, Madagascar, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, and the western United States.
