mineral
Rough turquoise-bearing rock (probable turquoise matrix)
Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O, likely in a host-rock matrix
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectBlue-green to gray-green, earthy to waxy luster, opaque, commonly massive and microcrystalline; Mohs hardness 5–6, with no visible cleavage and specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The specimen appears weathered and matrix-rich, so exact identification from the image is uncertain.
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Physical properties
Blue-green to gray-green, earthy to waxy luster, opaque, commonly massive and microcrystalline; Mohs hardness 5–6, with no visible cleavage and specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The specimen appears weathered and matrix-rich, so exact identification from the image is uncertain.
Formation & geological history
Turquoise forms as a secondary phosphate mineral in arid, oxidized zones of copper deposits, typically replacing aluminum- and phosphorus-bearing rock. Most deposits are Cenozoic to older hydrothermal-weathering systems; the host rock here is not identifiable.
Uses & applications
Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental specimens; lower-grade material is stabilized or reconstructed for jewelry. Matrix specimens are mainly collectible and decorative.
Geological facts
Natural turquoise commonly shows brown, black, or gray limonite/chalcedony matrix and can resemble chrysocolla, variscite, or dyed howlite. Color and porosity vary strongly by locality and treatment.
Field identification & locations
Check for a blue-green color, opaque waxy surface, low-to-moderate hardness, and a nonmetallic streak; avoid scratching valuable material. Common sources include Arizona, Nevada, Iran, China, Mexico, and Tibet.
