gemstone
Ruby
Corundum (Al2O3:Cr)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 9, vibrant red to pinkish-red color due to chromium impurities, adamantine to vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and no true cleavage.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 9, vibrant red to pinkish-red color due to chromium impurities, adamantine to vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and no true cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in metamorphic and igneous environments, such as marble or basalt-associated terranes, through high-temperature crystallization over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in high-end fine jewelry, watchmaking bearings, and historical laser technology.
Geological facts
Ruby is the traditional birthstone for July and ranks among the most valuable colored gemstones in the world, with top-quality pigeon's blood specimens commanding record auction prices.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its exceptional hardness, red fluorescence under UV light, and high specific gravity; commonly sourced from Myanmar, Mozambique, and Thailand.
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