sedimentary
Sandstone (Calcareous)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with CaCO3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan/buff/grey, Luster: earthy/dull, Crystal structure: granular clastic texture, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan/buff/grey, Luster: earthy/dull, Crystal structure: granular clastic texture, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in marine or desert environments where water or wind concentrates quartz grains.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material in masonry, paving stones, and for aggregate in construction.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often contains fossils and creates important aquifers for groundwater storage.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and often visible layers or bedding planes. It can be found in sedimentary basins and cliff faces globally.
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