sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (SiO2 with Fe2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Reddish-brown to tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Reddish-brown to tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized silicate grains. The iron oxide (hematite or goethite) acts as a cementing agent, giving it the reddish hue. Common in desert and river environments across all geological eras.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a building material, decorative landscaping stone, and occasionally for sharpening tools (whetstones) due to its abrasive nature.
Geological facts
Sandstone is often porous enough to act as an aquifer for groundwater or a reservoir for oil and natural gas. Famous locations include the Grand Canyon and Petra.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering. It is extremely common in arid regions and along ancient riverbeds.
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