sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (SiO2 with Fe-oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, grey, and reddish-brown; Luster: dull, earthy; Structure: clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- tan, grey, and reddish-brown
- Luster
- dull, earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, grey, and reddish-brown; Luster: dull, earthy; Structure: clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. This specimen shows iron staining, suggesting deposition in an oxygen-rich environment such as a riverbed or desert.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, decorative stone in landscaping, or as an abrasive. In the oil and gas industry, it acts as a primary reservoir rock for hydrocarbons.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Some of the most iconic landscapes in the world, like the Grand Canyon and Petra, are composed largely of various sandstones.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grainy texture. It may crumble slightly under pressure if the cement is weak. Found globally in basins, coastal areas, and deserts.
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