sedimentary
Sandstone (Iron-stained Pebble)
Sandstone (Quartz/Hematite dominated)
Hardness 6-7 (Mohs scale), dull to earthy luster, rounded stream/beach-worn habit, brown to reddish-brown coloration caused by iron oxide staining (hematite), granular clastic texture.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6-7 (Mohs scale), dull to earthy luster, rounded stream/beach-worn habit, brown to reddish-brown coloration caused by iron oxide staining (hematite), granular clastic texture.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (predominantly quartz) in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. The rounded shape indicates erosion and transport by water action.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, landscaping, aquascaping, and as a natural study specimen.
Geological facts
Red and brown sandstones derive their vibrant hues from small amounts of iron oxide (hematite), which acts as a natural rust coating on individual sand grains.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its visible sand-sized grains, rough sandpapery feel when broken, and earthy brownish-red iron staining. Commonly found along stream beds, riverbanks, and beaches.
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