sedimentary
Sandstone (Iron-stained)
Sandstone (dominated by Quartz, SiO2, with Iron Oxide impurities)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: reddish-brown to dark tan; Luster: dull, earthy; Texture: granular, medium to fine sand grains felt upon rubbing; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- reddish-brown to dark tan
- Luster
- dull, earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: reddish-brown to dark tan; Luster: dull, earthy; Texture: granular, medium to fine sand grains felt upon rubbing; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized grains, typically in desert dunes, riverbeds, or beaches. The deep brown/reddish color comes from iron oxide (hematite or goethite) coating the grains.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building construction, flagstones, paving, retaining walls, decorative landscaping stones, and aggregate.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks. Famous sandstone formations include the Red Rocks of Colorado and the ancient city of Petra in Jordan.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic rough, sand-paper-like texture and earthy brown-red hue. It can be found globally in river basins, desert environments, and coastal cliffs.
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