sedimentary
Sandstone (Iron-stained)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Rusty orange to tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Rusty orange to tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, subsequently lithified by pressure and mineral cement. The orange hue indicates iron oxide staining (limonite or hematite) from weathering.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, paving, and landscaping. Fine-grained varieties are used for grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra are primarily iron-stained sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sand-like texture and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal areas where ancient water bodies once existed.
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