sedimentary
Sandstone Pebble
Ferruginous Sandstone (SiO2 with Fe2O3)
Mohs hardness around 6 to 7, dull to earthy luster, reddish-brown to dark tan color, granular texture made of rounded quartz grains bound by iron oxide cement.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness around 6 to 7, dull to earthy luster, reddish-brown to dark tan color, granular texture made of rounded quartz grains bound by iron oxide cement.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand grains in ancient riverbeds, beaches, or desert environments, heavily stained by iron oxides. Sub-rounded shape caused by stream or wave erosion.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as decorative landscaping rock, building material in larger masses, or collected as river stones/pebbles.
Geological facts
The distinct reddish-brown color is caused by hematite or goethite (iron oxide minerals) acting as the cementing agent between quartz grains. Over millions of years, water transport rounds off the sharp edges into smooth river pebbles like this one.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty sand-like feel, fine granular texture, and reddish iron oxide staining. Extremely common along riverbeds, beaches, and gravel deposits worldwide.
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