sedimentary
Sandstone Pebble
Sedimentary Rock (Quartzose Sandstone)
Hardness: 6 to 7 (due to quartz grains); Color: Reddish-brown, often due to iron oxide (hematite) cement; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of cemented mineral grains, primarily quartz); Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2 to 2.8
- Hardness
- 6 to 7 (due to quartz grains)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, often due to iron oxide (hematite) cement
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6 to 7 (due to quartz grains); Color: Reddish-brown, often due to iron oxide (hematite) cement; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of cemented mineral grains, primarily quartz); Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2 to 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (predominantly quartz sand-sized grains), often in desert, beach, or river environments over millions of years, then weathered and rounded by water transport.
Uses & applications
Used in construction, landscaping, decorative stone, and as a common specimen for educational purposes and geology collections.
Geological facts
Red sandstone gets its distinct color from iron oxide acting as a natural cement binding the sand grains together. Many famous historical monuments and ancient buildings worldwide are constructed from sandstone due to its workability and durability.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified in the field by its distinct grainy, sandpaper-like texture visible on close inspection or through a hand lens. Commonly found in riverbeds, beaches, and geological formations worldwide.
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