sedimentary
Sandstone (Pebble)
Sandstone (SiO2 with matrix/cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (quartz grains); Color: Buff, tan, grayish-brown; Luster: Dull, earthy, sand-paper texture; Grain size: Medium (0.0625 to 2 mm); Porous and granular surface
- Hardness
- 6-7 (quartz grains)
- Color
- Buff, tan, grayish-brown
- Luster
- Dull, earthy, sand-paper texture
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (quartz grains); Color: Buff, tan, grayish-brown; Luster: Dull, earthy, sand-paper texture; Grain size: Medium (0.0625 to 2 mm); Porous and granular surface
Formation & geological history
Formed by the deposition, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments in river, beach, or desert environments, subsequently rounded by water erosion.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, paving, dimension stone, glass manufacture (high-purity quartz sandstone), and landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 10-20% of Earth's sedimentary rocks. Individual sand grains are often made of quartz because it is highly resistant to chemical weathering.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. Found globally in riverbeds, beaches, deserts, and sedimentary rock formations. Collectors find rounded pebbles near rivers and ocean shores.
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