sedimentary

Sandstone (Quartz Sandstone)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: reddish-brown/tan (due to Iron Oxide); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.3-2.6.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: reddish-brown/tan (due to Iron Oxide)
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 7, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: reddish-brown/tan (due to Iron Oxide); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.3-2.6.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. These deposits typically occur in desert, river, or coastal environments. Age varies based on deposit, but frequently found in Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, in road construction (crushed stone), glass manufacturing (if high silica), and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and water (due to high porosity).

Geological facts

Sandstone is often responsible for iconic landforms like the Grand Canyon or the red outcrops of Sedona. It contains 20-25% of the world's groundwater and fossil fuels. Some varieties, like 'Picture Sandstone', show landscape-like patterns created by iron mineral stains.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is often found in bedded layers or cliffs. Collectors look for unique banding or fossilized ripple marks.