sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, grey, or off-white; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, grey, or off-white
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, grey, or off-white; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years (clastic sedimentation).
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as a building stone and for road base. In industry, high-purity quartz sandstone is a source for glass manufacturing and silicon.
Geological facts
Sandstone is a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum because of its porosity and permeability. This specimen appears to be a stream-rounded pebble, smoothed by water erosion.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture. In the field, it is often found in layered beds or as water-worn pebbles in creek beds and beaches.
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Arenite (if sandstone)
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Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
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Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
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Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
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Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
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