sedimentary
Sandstone with Iron Oxide Concretions
Quartzose Sandstone with Limonite/Hematite
Hardness: 6-7 (for quartz grains); Color: Tan, yellow, or beige with dark brown to black spots; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline to clastic granular; Cleavage: None
- Hardness
- 6-7 (for quartz grains)
- Color
- Tan, yellow, or beige with dark brown to black spots
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (for quartz grains); Color: Tan, yellow, or beige with dark brown to black spots; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline to clastic granular; Cleavage: None
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments, predominantly quartz, in marine, desert, or river environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction, landscaping, as decorative gravel, and as a popular specimen for amateur rock collectors.
Geological facts
The dark spots are often iron oxide or manganese oxide segregations, sometimes referred to as leopard spots or Liesegang banding depending on the patterns they form.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified in the field by its granular texture, visible sand grains, and characteristic iron staining. Common worldwide in sedimentary basins.
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