sedimentary

Sandstone with Iron Oxide (Limonite/Hematite)

Ferruginous Sandstone (SiO2 with FeO(OH)·nH2O)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6-7 (approximate due to quartz content); Color: Rusty brown, reddish-orange, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.6

Hardness: 6-7 (approximate due to quartz content)
Color: Rusty brown, reddish-orange, tan
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified April 27, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (approximate due to quartz content); Color: Rusty brown, reddish-orange, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.6

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, minerals are cemented together by silica or iron oxides during lithification. The iron staining occurs through oxidation in terrestrial environments.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as building stone, pavers, and decorative landscaping. In some regions, highly ferruginous versions have historically been used as a low-grade iron ore.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks. The red and orange hues are often called 'desert varnish' when found in arid environments.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding planes. It is commonly found in river beds, deserts, and coastal areas.