sedimentary

Sandstone (with Iron Staining)

Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 with Fe2O3 oxides)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, and reddish-orange (due to iron oxidation); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None/Massive; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, brown, and reddish-orange (due to iron oxidation)
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified April 20, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish hue indicates oxidation (rusting) of iron minerals within the rock or cement, often occurring in terrestrial, arid, or river environments.

Uses & applications

Primary uses include construction (as building stone or crushed aggregate), abrasive material, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The varied colors often reflect the different oxidation states of iron minerals acting as a natural cement.

Field identification & locations

Field identification: Gritty feel like sandpaper when rubbed, may show visible layers (bedding), and grains do not flake off easily like shale. Commonly found in desert basins, river beds, and coastal areas.