sedimentary

Sandstone (with Iron Staining)

Quartz Arenite / Ferruginous Sandstone

Hardness around 6-7 on Mohs scale depending on cementation; dull to earthy luster; fine to medium sand-grained clastic texture; brown, reddish-tan to dark grey-brown in color due to iron oxides (hematite/goethite); granular surface texture.

Identified July 25, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed by the compaction and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments, predominantly quartz sand grains, deposited in coastal, riverine, or shallow marine environments. Cemented together by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxides over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in construction, paving, as building stone, aggregate material, and as an aquifer matrix for groundwater and petroleum reserves.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks. The red and brown colors are typically caused by trace amounts of iron oxide which acts as a natural staining agent and cement.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its distinctive gritty sand-paper feel and visible sand grains under magnification. Found globally in ancient riverbeds, deserts, beaches, and sedimentary basins. Highly common with low monetary value.

Other sedimentary specimens

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Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

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Sedimentary Sandstone

Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)

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Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

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Shale

Argillaceous sedimentary rock

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Mudstone

Argillite / Siliciclastic sedimentary rock

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