sedimentary

Sandstone (with Iron Staining)

Sandstone (mainly Quartz, SiO2, with Iron Oxides like Goethite/Hematite)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz grains); Color: Tan, brownish-yellow, reddish orange from iron oxide weathering; Luster: Dull, earthy, or grainy; Fracture: Conchoidal to uneven; Grain size: Medium (0.0625 to 2 mm).

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz grains)
Luster: Dull, earthy, or grainy

Identified July 25, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments, typically deposited in desert, river, or coastal beach environments. The reddish-brown coloration is due to oxidation of iron minerals after exposure to water and air.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in construction as building stone, flagstone, paving material, and in landscaping. Also processed into silica sand for glassmaking and industrial abrasives.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of Earth's sedimentary rock layer. Its porosity allows it to act as an important underground reservoir for water, petroleum, and natural gas.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its distinctive gritty texture, feeling like sandpaper when rubbed. Very common worldwide in sedimentary rock formations, riverbeds, and eroded bluffs.

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