sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily composed of SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: dull to earthy; Crystal structure: granular/clastic texture; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically tan, brown, or grayish
- Luster
- dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: dull to earthy; Crystal structure: granular/clastic texture; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cemented lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. This process occurs in environments such as deserts, riverbeds, and ocean floors over millions of years across all geological ages.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material in construction and architecture (masonry). It is also used in the glass industry as a source of silica and as a decorative stone in landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-25% of the sedimentary rock on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Treasury at Petra and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of sandstone formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed and the presence of visible grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins, cliffs, and dry riverbeds. Collectors should look for unique layering or cross-bedding patterns.
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Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
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Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
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Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
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Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
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Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
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