sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 dominant)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Grayish-tan with iron staining, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic/granular, Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Grayish-tan with iron staining, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic/granular, Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or ocean environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in the glass industry, and as an abrasive. High-purity sandstones are used for hydraulic fracturing (frac sand).
Geological facts
Sandstone is the youngest of the three main sedimentary rock types and makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The Sphinx was carved from sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty feel and visible grains. Often found in layered beds or outcrops. Test for silica vs. calcite cement by applying acid.
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