sedimentary
Sandstone
Sandstone (SiO2 with iron oxides and clay)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: yellowish-brown, tan, to orange due to iron oxide staining; Luster: earthy, dull; Grain structure: medium-grained gritty texture with micro-bedding layers
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- yellowish-brown, tan, to orange due to iron oxide staining
- Luster
- earthy, dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: yellowish-brown, tan, to orange due to iron oxide staining; Luster: earthy, dull; Grain structure: medium-grained gritty texture with micro-bedding layers
Formation & geological history
Formed by the compaction and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in riverbeds, lakes, or desert environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a building material, paving stone, aggregate, and for decorative masonry.
Geological facts
Sandstone matrix often preserves ancient ripple marks, cross-bedding, and trace fossils from prehistoric environments.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its distinctive gritty feel, visible sand grains, layered appearance, and resistance to effervescence when tested with acid.
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