sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, brown, or buff
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified March 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles (primarily quartz). It originates in environments such as deserts, riverbeds, or beaches over millions of years (various geological ages from Precambrian to Cenozoic).

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, decorative stone, for making grindstones, as a reservoir for oil and water, and in glass manufacturing.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous structures like the treasury at Petra and the Red Fort in India are carved from or built with sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' texture and visible grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions. Collectors look for unique banding or patterns like 'picture sandstone'.