sedimentary
Sandstone
Sandstone (SiO2-rich framework with variable matrix)
Hardness 6-7 (Mohs scale), tan to light brown color with gritty texture, earthy luster, granular structure, variable specific gravity (2.2-2.8)
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Physical properties
Hardness 6-7 (Mohs scale), tan to light brown color with gritty texture, earthy luster, granular structure, variable specific gravity (2.2-2.8)
Formation & geological history
Formed by the compaction and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments, usually composed of quartz and feldspar, deposited in rivers, lakes, or oceans over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material, flagstone paving, architectural building stone, grindstones, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and water aquifers.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 10-20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Iconic natural formations like the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are carved from sandstone strata.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its sandy, gritty feel when rubbed, visible sand-sized grains, and durability. Common worldwide in sedimentary basins, cliffs, and quarries.
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Banded Siltstone / Mudstone Pebble
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Shale
Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)
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