sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic sedimentary rock (Quartz arenite)
Hardness: 6-7 (due to quartz grains), Color: Varies from white, yellow, red, to brown depending on iron oxides, Luster: Dull to vitreous, Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of cemented mineral particles or rock fragments), Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (due to quartz grains), Color: Varies from white, yellow, red, to brown depending on iron oxides, Luster: Dull to vitreous, Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of cemented mineral particles or rock fragments), Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments, chiefly quartz and feldspar, typically deposited in environments like beaches, deserts, rivers, or floodplains over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as building material, dimension stone, paving, and formerly for grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone is porous and permeable, making it an excellent aquifer for storing groundwater and natural oil and gas reservoirs.
Field identification & locations
Readily identifiable by its sandy texture (gritty feel) and visible bedding planes or layers. Found worldwide in sedimentary basins.
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