sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or ocean environments.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building stone, in paving, for glass manufacturing (if high silica content), and as sharpening stones.
Geological facts
Sandstone is a primary reservoir for underground water (aquifers) and oil/gas because of its high porosity and permeability. Famous examples include the red rocks of Petra in Jordan.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is extremely common in sedimentary basins worldwide. Use a magnifying glass to check for rounded quartz grains.
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Arenite (if sandstone)
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Quartz pebble
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
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Shale
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Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
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