sedimentary

Sandstone

Sedimentary Rock (Quartz Arenite)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz grains); Color: Varies widely including tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic texture composed of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, primarily quartz and feldspar;…

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz grains)
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified August 6, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation, compaction, and cementation (lithification) of mineral particles or rock fragments, predominantly quartz, deposited by water, wind, or ice in environments such as deserts, rivers, lakes, and shallow marine settings over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a construction and architectural material for building facades, paving stones, flagstones, and in the past, grindstones. Also serves as an important reservoir rock for groundwater, petroleum, and natural gas due to its porosity.

Geological facts

Sandstone formations create some of the most iconic geological landscapes in the world, including monumental cliffs in Zion National Park, Petra in Jordan, and Uluru in Australia. The varying colors are typically caused by iron oxides or other mineral impurities present during cementation.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified in the field by its characteristic gritty texture, visible sand grains, and often layered or bedded appearance. Found globally in sedimentary basins, desert regions, and ancient river or sea beds. When collecting, look for well-cemented blocks that resist crumbling.