sedimentary

Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow, tan, brown, red; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Yellow, tan, brown, red
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified April 5, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow, tan, brown, red; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. These grains are cemented together by minerals like silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years through lithification, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for flagstone, paving, and building facades. It is also used in glass manufacturing (silica sand) and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of weathered sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' texture and visible layering (stratification). It is found globally, especially in areas with ancient sedimentary basins.