sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (clastic sedimentary rock)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide staining
Luster: Dull/earthy

Identified May 28, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed over millions of years by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. These are typically deposited in river, lake, or ocean environments and lithified through pressure and mineral precipitation from groundwater.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material for flooring, masonry, and pavers. In industry, it is a source of silica for glass manufacturing and used as a reservoir rock for oil, gas, and water.

Geological facts

Sandstone is highly porous and acts as a natural filter for groundwater. Red sandstones such as those in Sedona or the Grand Canyon owe their color to hematite (iron oxide).

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in basins and desert regions. Look for layering or 'cross-bedding' in the outcrop.