sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years through lithification. Commonly found in riverbeds, deserts, and ocean floors.
Uses & applications
Used widely in the construction industry as a building material, for paving, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Familiar landmarks like the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide, particularly in areas with ancient basin history.
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Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion
Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image
fossil
Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint
fossil
Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
Sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
sedimentary
Shale
Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)
sedimentary
Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
sedimentary