sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (Sedimentary rock)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff with iron staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, brown, or buff with iron staining
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified July 21, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff with iron staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically through lithification in river beds, deserts, or marine environments. Age varies by location from Paleozoic to Cenozoic.

Uses & applications

Mainly used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing if silica content is high, or as a reservoir for oil and water due to high porosity.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous Red Rocks of Colorado and the structures of Petra are composed of various sandstone formations.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layers or bedding. It is common in regions with ancient sedimentary basins.