sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, yellow
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in river beds, deserts, or coastal areas. Can range from recently formed to hundreds of millions of years old.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for building stone, paving, and as an aggregate. It is also a key reservoir rock for oil and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona and the Grand Canyon are primarily sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often found in layered outcrops or as river-rounded cobbles.
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Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
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Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
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Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
sedimentary
Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
sedimentary