sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (mostly Quartz-based)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if silica-cemented); Color: Tan, buff, or light brown due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if silica-cemented)
Color: Tan, buff, or light brown due to iron oxides
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified June 21, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, most commonly quartz. The grains are cemented together by minerals like silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years in environments like beaches, deserts, or river deltas.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, decorative stone for landscaping, and in the manufacturing of glass or grinding wheels. It also serves as an important reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations of the American Southwest, like those in the Grand Canyon or Antelope Canyon, are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and often visible layering. It is common worldwide, particularly in basin areas where ancient rivers or seas deposited sediment. Check for grain size between 0.0625 and 2 mm.