sedimentary

Sandstone

Sandstone (SiO2 dominated)

Mohs hardness: 6 to 7 (quartz-rich). Color: Buff, light brown, pinkish-tan. Luster: Earthy, dull, abrasive feel like sandpaper. Grain structure: Fine to medium sand-sized clastic grains cemented by silica, iron oxide, or calcite.

Hardness: 6 to 7 (quartz-rich)
Color: Buff, light brown, pinkish-tan
Luster: Earthy, dull, abrasive feel like sandpaper

Identified July 25, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed by the compaction and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in ancient desert dunes, beaches, rivers, or delta environments.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a construction material, paving stone, decorative landscaping stone, and historically for grindstones and sculpture.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Red and orange hues are typically due to iron oxide minerals such as hematite acting as a natural cement.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its gritty sandpaper texture and visible layered or blocky fracture. Commonly found in sedimentary basins, canyons, and cliff faces worldwide.