sedimentary
Sandstone
Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock, predominantly SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction for building stone, paving, and as an abrasive; smaller specimens are often used as decorative landscaping rocks or for teaching geology.
Geological facts
The reddish color is often caused by the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals like hematite. Some of the world's most famous natural formations, like Antelope Canyon or Uluru, are made of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible layering (bedding planes). Commonly found in sedimentary basins and stream beds worldwide.
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