sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, or brown, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, or brown, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for building blocks, paving, and crushing into sand. Also used as a decorative stone and in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porosity makes it a critical reservoir for water and oil.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' texture and visible grain structure. Commonly found in canyons and sedimentary basins.
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Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion
Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image
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Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint
fossil
Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
Sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
sedimentary
Shale
Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)
sedimentary
Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
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