sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily Quartz-rich sedimentary rock)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan/brownish-red due to iron oxide, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: clastic texture with sand-sized grains, Specific gravity: 2.2 to 2.8.
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan/brownish-red due to iron oxide, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: clastic texture with sand-sized grains, Specific gravity: 2.2 to 2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. This specimen shows a weathered, rounded exterior suggesting fluvial or eolian erosion.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for flagstone, building facades, and paving. Also used as a reservoir rock for oil and gas or as an aquifer for water storage.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various layers of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and along canyons or coastlines.
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Arenite (if sandstone)
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Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
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Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
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Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
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