sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (individual grains), Color: Reddish-brown, Luster: Dull or earthy, Crystal structure: Primarily clastic and granular, Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains), Color: Reddish-brown, Luster: Dull or earthy, Crystal structure: Primarily clastic and granular, Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically through the process of lithification at low temperatures and pressures.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction for building stone, floor tiles, and paving. Also used as a reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks. It often preserves fossils and ripple marks that indicate ancient environmental conditions like desert dunes or riverbeds.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'sandpaper' feel and visible sand grains. Found globally in basins, riverbeds, and cliff faces. Best identified in the field by checking if individual sand grains can be scratched off with a knife.
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Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
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Quartz pebble
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
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Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
sedimentary
Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
sedimentary