sedimentary

Sandstone

Sandstone (SiO2 predominant)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, yellowish, brownish-grey; Luster: Dull, earthy; Texture: Medium-grained, gritty to touch; Structure: Layered or massive clastic sedimentary texture.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, brown, yellowish, brownish-grey
Luster: Dull, earthy

Identified July 27, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, yellowish, brownish-grey; Luster: Dull, earthy; Texture: Medium-grained, gritty to touch; Structure: Layered or massive clastic sedimentary texture.

Formation & geological history

Formed by the compaction and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically composed of quartz and feldspar, deposited in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a building material, paving flagstone, decorative garden rock, sand source for construction, and in glassmaking.

Geological facts

Sandstone formations create some of the world's most dramatic landscapes, such as the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan. The colour of sandstone is largely determined by the binding materials, with iron oxides creating rich red and brown hues.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctly feelable sandy grains when rubbed, earthy brownish-tan color, and non-foliated sedimentary texture. Found abundantly in riverbeds, cliffs, beaches, and desert regions globally.