sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, reddish-orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a construction material for paving, tiles, and walling; also used in glass manufacturing and as an aquifer.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10 to 20 percent of the sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its color is often determined by the presence of iron oxides (red/orange) or manganese (purple).
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and eroded canyonlands.
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Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion
Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image
fossil
Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint
fossil
Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
Sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
sedimentary
Shale
Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)
sedimentary
Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
sedimentary