sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, reddish-brown, or buff, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: granular clastic texture, Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, reddish-brown, or buff, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: granular clastic texture, Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed over millions of years by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments of sand size (0.0625 to 2 mm). Predominantly found in ancient riverbeds, deserts, and coastal environments.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, and decorative stone. It is also used in glass manufacturing and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone is highly porous and acts as a natural filter for groundwater. Red sandstones get their color from iron oxide (hematite) coatings on the sand grains.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins, canyons, and cliffs globally. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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Other sedimentary specimens
Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint
fossil
Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
Sedimentary
Quartz pebble
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
sedimentary
Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
sedimentary
Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
sedimentary